Indian Journal of Urology
SYMPOSIUM
Year : 2014  |  Volume : 30  |  Issue : 2  |  Page : 170--176

Epidemiology and etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder outlet obstruction

Nishant D Patel, J Kellogg Parsons 
 Department of Urology, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, and Section of Surgery, VA San, USA

Correspondence Address:
J Kellogg Parsons
Department of Urology, Moores UCSD Cancer Center, University of California, San Diego, and Section of Surgery, VA San Diego Medical Center, La Jolla, CA
USA

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a histological diagnosis associated with unregulated proliferation of connective tissue, smooth muscle and glandular epithelium. BPH may compress the urethra and result in anatomic bladder outlet obstruction (BOO); BOO may present as lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), infections, retention and other adverse events. BPH and BOO have a significant impact on the health of older men and health-care costs. As the world population ages, the incidence and prevalence of BPH and LUTS have increased rapidly. Although non-modifiable risk factors - including age, genetics and geography - play significant roles in the etiology of BPH and BOO, recent data have revealed modifiable risk factors that present new opportunities for treatment and prevention, including sex steroid hormones, the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes, diet, physical activity and inflammation. We review the natural history, definitions and key risk factors of BPH and BOO in epidemiological studies.


How to cite this article:
Patel ND, Parsons J K. Epidemiology and etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder outlet obstruction.Indian J Urol 2014;30:170-176


How to cite this URL:
Patel ND, Parsons J K. Epidemiology and etiology of benign prostatic hyperplasia and bladder outlet obstruction. Indian J Urol [serial online] 2014 [cited 2022 May 19 ];30:170-176
Available from: https://www.indianjurol.com/article.asp?issn=0970-1591;year=2014;volume=30;issue=2;spage=170;epage=176;aulast=Patel;type=0